FREE ESTIMATES HARRIS TEXAS RETAINING WALLS-EROSION CONTROL
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Design Considerations
You’ll have plenty of choices to make when building retaining walls, Options
include:
• Design. The topography of the land and the wall’s purpose will determine
placement, height and length. Be cognizant of blending it into other features
of your landscape, such as the patio design, pool design, pathways, garden
bed edges and ponds.
• Material choice. Usually stone, brick, pavers, masonry, concrete, steel
or wood. When making your selection, be sure to coordinate it with your
home’s exterior and any other deck design choices you have made. Also you
will want to be guided by any homeowners’ association requirements. When
considering color, be sure to factor in the shade of mortar.
• Style. You will want to coordinate it with your home and landscape architecture,
but styles include, among others, the sharp and spare contemporary lines
of concrete, the hearth and home warmth of brick and the enduring strength
of stone.
Stone Masonry Construction
A Brief Overview
Many old Irish houses were built in a similar way. Where "mortar" was used, it was often merely mud or limestone plasters with little strength. The mortar functioned as caulking to stop the flow of air, rather than as cement to bond the stones together. Short, dry-stacked stone walls are especially ideal for landscaping projects. Taller walls require more skill and time. For more details on dry-stack stone walls,
Traditional
Mortared Stone Walls:
Mortared stone walls evolved out
of dry-stack stone work with the emergence of cement mortars. The first cements
were made of burnt gypsum or lime mixed with water to make a paste with slight
bonding capability. Stone walls still had to be built as carefully as they were
without mortar. The cement paste just filled the gaps between the stones and
cured to form a soft, rock-like substance.
The basic formula for modern cement originated
in England in 1824. It is called "Portland cement" because the color is similar
to the rocks on the English island of Portland. It is still called Portland
cement everywhere in the world it is manufactured. This cement is made with
calcium from limestone or chalk, plus alumina and silica from clay and shale.
The ingredients are ground, mixed in the right proportions and burnt in a kiln
at a temperature of about 2500 degrees F (1350»C) to drive out water bound up
in the raw materials. In the kiln it fuses into chunks called clinker. It is
cooled and powdered, and gypsum is added to control how fast it sets up. Portland
cement is mixed with sand and water, and often lime to make a smooth mortar
for stone and brick work. Adding the lime makes the mortar softer and more flexible.
With the aid of Portland cement it is possible
to build a taller stone wall that does not taper inward like a dry-stacked wall.
The cement has some ability to "glue" a stone wall together with less care,
but proper stone working techniques are still important. Building a free-standing
stone wall is a true art and requires a lot of time and skill to do it well.
Instead, the structural wall is put up first, and thin, flat stones are essentially glued onto the face of the wall with cement mortar. Metal tabs in the structural wall are mortared in between the stones to tie everything together, otherwise the stonework would just peel right off the wall. The structural wall serves as a form on one side of the wall to make it really easy to lay up the stonework, provided the rocks have good flat edges to work with.
Please click small arrows to side of thumbnails for more photos
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Retaining walls stabilize
A retaining wall is a structure that holds back earth.
Retaining walls stabilize soil and rock from down slope movement or erosion
and provide support for vertical or near-vertical grade changes. Cofferdams
and bulkheads, structures to hold back water, are sometimes also considered
retaining walls. Retaining walls are generally made of masonry, stone, brick,
concrete, steel or timber. Once popular as an inexpensive retaining material,
railroad ties have fallen out of favor due to environmental concerns.
The most important consideration in proper design
and installation of retaining walls is that the retained material is attempting
to move forward and down slope due to gravity. This creates a soil pressure
behind the wall (depending on the angle of internal friction (phi) and the cohesive
strength (c) of the material). This pressure is smallest at the top and increases
toward the bottom and will push the wall forward or overturn it if nor properly
addressed. Also any groundwater behind the wall that is not dissipated by a
drainage system causes an additional horizontal hydraulic pressure on the wall.
Please click small arrows to side of thumbnails for more photos
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| Landscape Hardscape || Remodeling Services |
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